It is unfortunate to find that there is a sharp rise in number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes all over the world. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affects the way people respond to or produce insulin, which in turn determines body’s way of processing sugar. When there is low insulin secretion by the pancreas or cells of the body do not respond to insulin the way it should, your blood sugar remains high. If left untreated diabetes can cause serious complications. For diabetics, it is important to take a note, what they are eating and how it will impact their blood sugar levels. However, intensive studies and research are finding new ways to stay healthy and fulfilling life with diabetes. A healthy diet and following a healthy life-style like exercising regularly, not drinking and smoking can help to maintain healthy blood sugar level. Some herbs and spices have shown promising result in maintaining blood sugar levels.
Following herbs and spices have shown incredible result in fighting diabetes –inducing inflammation in the body and control blood glucose level.
Holy basil, native to India, the leaves and stems of which have been used in Ayurveda medicinally for managing asthma, arthritis, heart problem and respiratory infections [1] . The leaves of holy basil contain potent antioxidants that have been found to relieve oxidative stress which compounds major problems in diabetics. Researchers have shown evidence that basil leaves can help to enhance insulin secretion by improving the pancreatic beta cell functions and lower blood sugar. Basil has also been found to lower triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and reduce risk of heart disease which is a major complication of diabetes. For an anti-diabetic effect suggested daily dose is 2.5 grams of dried basil leaf extract once a day in empty stomach. This herb is also used randomly for making herbal tea or as a spice in variety of dishes for a nice aroma and health benefiting flavonoid contents.
This sweet pungent spice, which is derived from the bark of cinnamon trees have been used by ancient civilization for treating various ailments. Several studies reveal that cinnamon may help to lower blood sugar level as it contains polyphenols that have beneficial effect on blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity. Clinical study published in the ‘Diabetes Care Journal’ in 2003 reported that cassia cinnamon loaded with phytonutrients decreases inflammation and hence can help lose weight by lowering cholesterol level and speeding up metabolism [2] . Improving the blood glucose level cinnamon reduces risk of cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes. 1-2 gram cinnamon can be consumed daily in the form of tea or can be sprinkled over your breakfast cereals or smoothies for availing its benefit. But avoid taking cinnamon, if you are taking blood thinning medications. Cinnamon is also available in supplement form.
Few Studies support that fenugreek may be helpful in lowering blood sugar level in diabetics [3] . Due to its hypoglycemic activity, it may be helpful in improving glucose tolerance and lowering blood glucose level. Fenugreek seeds contain fiber and some other chemicals that may slow down digestion and absorption of sugar and carbohydrates and also improve body’s way of using sugar by increasing the amount of insulin release. According to a study conducted in2009 published in the’ International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research’, the researchers arrived at a conclusion that consuming fenugreek seeds can leave a positive effect on the lipid profile and blood glucose level on patient with type 2 diabetes.
It is recommended to soak 1 to 2tbsp. of fenugreek seed overnight in a glass of water and drink the water as well as seeds in the morning in empty stomach daily to control diabetes.
A study done by Mysore University discovered that cumin has anti-diabetic potential which can improve insulin production and sensitivity [4] . The tiny seed contains more than 100 compounds which include phytonutrients, B vitamins, minerals, copper, iron, calcium and zinc. Black cumin seeds lower blood glucose level in the blood by triggering insulin secretion from the pancreas and by enhancing insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles and liver cells and by increasing uptake of glucose by the cells. Cumin seeds are also effective in decreasing advance glycation, which when left untreated can lead to severe complication like liver and kidney damage. Cumin seed is also a good remedy for delaying progression of cataracts which is common complaint among diabetics.
Ginger is a low calorie, low carbohydrate food [5] . This culinary herb is known for its spicy flavor; but very few people know that ginger also contains fiber, iron and potassium. Being a low GI food, ginger has shown to reduce blood sugar level and regulate insulin response in people having diabetes. Ginger can also reduce oxidation, improve cholesterol level and help with weight loss. But one should not consume more than 4 gm. of ginger per day. Ginger can be consumed adding in tea or added to dishes and salads. Ginger capsule is also available, which can be taken after consulting your physician.
Turmeric which is commonly added in Asian dishes to add color and spicy flavor to curries and other dishes has been recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic and other medicinal properties over the years [6] . Spice contains an active component curcumin which has been found to reduce glucose level in the blood and also play a role in protecting the body from diabetes related complications. Some research theorizes that turmeric extract can help stabilize blood sugar level along with protecting the heart and aiding digestion. Turmeric is also available in supplement form. You can take supplement after consulting your physician.
Garlic has been known for its cholesterol lowering effect and reducing high blood pressure and reduces oxidative damage due to presence of sulfur [7]. Various studies have also found that regular garlic consumption may help to reduce blood sugar levels and reduce risk of atherosclerosis a condition that diabetics are mostly at risk. Besides, garlic is also high in vitamin B6 and vitamin C, which plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin C may aid in lowering blood glucose level. For maintaining healthy blood sugar level it is suggested to eat 2-3 raw garlic cloves daily in empty stomach. Other options are to add garlic to your meals. Garlic supplement should be consumed under doctor’s supervision only.
Aloe Vera is loaded with powerful vitamins and minerals [8] . The phytosterols contained in aloe Vera has anti-hyperglycemic effect. Its high fiber content also aids the body in lowering fasting blood glucose level and also helps in using glucose effectively and eliminating excess glucose from our blood. To lower blood sugar level naturally, it is suggested to drink Aloe Vera juice twice a day. It will not only regularize the insulin flow but will eliminate toxins from the body and aid in losing weight. Aloe Vera juice is also an excellent remedy for reducing pain and inflammation.
Clove is an excellent herb loaded with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that not only help lower blood sugar level but can also protect diabetics from diabetes related complications like heart disease, renal impairment, vascular problems and eye disease [9] . Studies suggest that daily intake of 2-3 grams of cloves can help people with type 2 diabetes to maintain their glucose and cholesterol level and protect their hear liver and eyes naturally.
Ginseng is a root that has been used for centuries for medicinal purpose [10] . Both American and Asian ginseng due to their holistic healing ability has been used for diabetes control. Ginseng is also used as an adaptogen for reducing stress and increasing energy in patients. Korean ginseng has been found effective in controlling after meal blood sugar. The active component saponin glycosides are greatly responsible for it anti-diabetic effect. It can improve insulin signaling and glucose uptake and reduce diabetes related complication reducing triglycerides and bad cholesterol, help metabolize carbohydrates. Ongoing research promises the use of ginseng to be beneficial for diabetes management and control. However, long term studies and evidence are required to arrive at a definite conclusion.
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